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BROWN & BIGELOW.

Churn.-

Patented Oct. 5, 1852,

Asda

LUCIAN A. BROWN AND HUBBARD BIGELOW, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNORS TO HENRY K. \V. WELCH.

CHURN.

Specicaton of Letters Patent No. 9,311, dated October 5, 1852.

lTo all whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that we, LUGIAN A. BROWN and HUBBARD BIGELOW, both of the city and county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Churns, which we do not believe have been known or used prior to our invention thereof; and we do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, letters, and figures, whereof like letters denote like parts of all the figures, as forming parts of this specification, and wherein- Figure 1 is a perspective elevation. Fig. 2 a perspective view representing the tub with its axes in a horizontal position. Fig. 3 a perspective side elevation of the shaft, fans and beaters. Fig. Il, a vertical sectional elevation of the tub, fans, shaft, and other parts to be described, and as detached from the framework. Fig. 5 a viewl of the combination of gear, for the movements of fans.

The nature of our invention consists in the construction of the churn in such a manner as to increase the agitation of the cream to be converted into butter, and the adaptation of the churn for working the butter after being made, or, in other words, extracting the buttermilk and watery parts extant in butter, thereby rendering it more compact and firm, and less liable to become rancid.

Having thus defined the objects of Our improvements we proceed to explain the construction and operation of our machine.

A A Fig. 1 is a framework constructed of any desirable material and form ;-B, B, are two standards or supports, bolted or screwed firmly to the frame A, A, with holes o, c, made through each, near the apex, for the reception of the journals d, d, projecting from two opposite points on the periphery of the conical tub E, by which arrangement the said tub may swing o1- oscillate.

F is a barrel, fastened diametrically across the upper or open end of the tub E to its edge, in any convenient and practicable manner.

The object of this diametrical barrel is to form a support for t-he upper portion of the shaft, G, G, to which, under the bar F, is attached a fan or beater H and over the same bar the crank I. On the inner side of the tub E is fastened to its bottom, watertight, a conical tube K, the upper end, only, of which is seen in the figure under consideration, but more distinctly seen in Fig. 4, to which reference will be made presently, for explanation of other parts, in connection with this.

L L, is a fan or beater attached to a hollow or cylindrical shaft, not seen in this figure-fm, m, m is a bale or fork, suspended upon two pins, on t-he bridge n, n, which is fastened to a crossbar on the bottom of the tub E, not seen in this figure. On the projection or handle of the fork m, m, m, is a hole at p, whereby it may be held in its appropriate places, as occasions require, upon the pins o, o, on the frame A, A.

Now, in order to a full comprehension of the construction and operation of this machine, we must call attention to Figs. e and 5 for the explanation of parts not seen in Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a vertical elevation of the tub E and its appendages, detached from the frame work A A and stands B, B, Fig. 1.

F is the diametrical crossbar fastened to the upper or open end of the tub E.

g g is another crossbar, fastened diametrically across the bottom of the tub E. fn, n,

is a bridge screwed or otherwise secured fastto g g.

m, m, m is a fork or bail connected with the bridge n, n, by suspension on pins a" r, projecting from the bridge and passing through holes in the fork, so loosely that the fork may swing upon the pins easy.

S, S, is a shell with inside gear, fastened to the lower end of a shaft, G G, which end passes through said gear and rests in a step or hole in the bridge n n, as its support,- the upper end of the same shaft is sustained in its place by passing through the bar F, or through boxes fastened to it. To this shaft G, G, is attached the fan or beater H, H, H.

t is a spur gear attached to a hollow' or cylindrical shaft :v which passes over or around the shaft G G, upon this shaft is turned a neck just above the gear t, for the purpose of a journal to run in the crossbar g g, with a cap y, y, over it, and forming one half of the bearing for said neck;-the upper end of this shaft is supplied with a bush, or other convenient arrangement, whereby it may be supported by the shaft G G, around which it revolves. To the upper end of is secured a fan or beater L L, L. The hollow shaft. x, with G G within it, revolves within a conical tube K, which may be made of tin, or any other suitable material, and fastened watertight to the inside of the bottom of the tub E, and should reach very near the underside of the beater L, L, L. This tube K should be fastened watertight to prevent escape of cream. n

V is a pin or stud, fastened to the crossbar g g for the support of u, a small gear or pinion, which connects the movements of the shell gear S, S, on the shaft G G with the spur-gear t on the shaft w in manner as seen in Fig. 5.

Y From this description, to return to Fig. l,

it is obvious that when, now, the hand is.

applied to the crank I, motion will be communicated to the shaft G G and all its volving the stud gear or pinion a, communicates mot-ion to the spur gear t, and with.

it-the conical shaft and beater L, L, L, in an opposite di-rection.4 It will thus be seen; how, the -cream being contained in the tubr E, occupying thespace between its inner side and Aperiphery of the conical tube K, in which space also ltlie fans `H and L revolve in opposite directions to eachother, the agitation of thecream is eected. Continuing, then, this agitation,I by rotating the crank I, the butter'will come in a short space of time. 1 1 Y lVe will here remark that we find it necessary to cover the tub during the operation of makingbutter, lto prevent the spattering of cream. This however vis not indicated inf the figure, but we employ a circular cover madeinvtwo parts, each'covering half of-the opening of the tub, and one, of which is represented 'at Z, Z, Z, Fig. 2. f WeA willfalsor remark that while Yourr machine is employed for making butter, that the tub is-in a vertical position,l as represented in Fig. l, vand sustained. in "that position by the fork m m m resting upon thepin on the top-of the frame A A as seen in the figure. -When the butteris ycome77 we lift th fork"m,' m, m, oli' the pin-0, andhaving -placedV any convenient receptacle for the.

buttermilk in a desirable position, we -gradually elevate the lower end of the" tub E,

which swing upon'thejou-rnals-cl, CZ, toabout 90' degrees from 'its 'vertical' 'posit-fion, when the buttermilk will find egress through the The shell gear, now, by re-- aperture a. inthe cover Z, Z, Z, as seen in Fig. 2, which now represents the tub E in a horizontalrposition. It is apparent that this arrangement saves lifting and labor, in the operation of pouring off the buttermilk, and enables t-he dairy maid to perform a task with ease, which, in large churnings, would require the assistance of a males stronger muscles, as well as conducing to the saving of buttermilk and to cleanliness.

This horizontal position of the tub E is maintained by swinging the fork m, m, m, over on its bearings 90 degrees, which its own gravity generally performs and resting it by the hole p, upon the pin 0 on the side or edge of the frame A A as seen in Fig. 3.

The cover Z, Z, Z, Fig. 2, is kept in its proper place by what we term a yoke b, b, which is simply pushed in betweenl the top of the said cover and underside of the bar F, or any other convenient mode. In this hori- Zontal position of t-he tub E we continue the rotation of the crank I, as in the operation of churning, and the butter thus becomes kneaded, worked and rolled, as the beater H in its revolutions scrapes the butter from the inside of the tub, while the beater L, revolving in the opposite direction, in close proximity to and inside of the other, will strike the butter forced over the beater H by the accumulation by scraping off the butter on the side of the tub, while the buttermilk and water, extracted from the butter by this i l/Ve find, in our experience, that the relative-velocity of the-two fans H andeL is an v.item of-importance, and that the proportionvoff '(two) of the 'fan- H tothreeof the fan `L has been attended -with the best I results.' 'This is probably owing` to the smaller periphery described by the inside fan, so faras the operation of churning is concerned, but in relation to workingof butqter, the relative velocities of the fans or beat- 1ers affectsthe result, by the different vand differingY points at which the beaters meet in theirrespective revolutions and the law of gravity acting upon the lump of butter.

A certain relative velocity ofthe beaters to each vother will catch the lump of butter and work and 'roll it oftener'in a- 'ven number of revolutions, than with a-.di erent relative velocity of the beaters to each other .in the same number of'revolutions. This'is I va fact only learned by experiments,

and corroborated by their repetition. A f Y.

l -Having-thus described .our apparatus'and its operation, what we claim as our improve- Letters Patent isc The combination of the tub E, including ment and invention, anddesire to secure by the appendages described, with the frame A. D. one thousand eight hundred and fty- A A and stands B, B, or any other conventwo.

ientframe work ada ted to the use of the tub in a Vertical andpa horizontal position, 5 but in manner and for the purposes substantially as herein set forth and described. Witnesses:

In testimony whereof We have hereunto CHAs. BADOIS,

set our signatures this twelfth day of April G. W. GODARD. 

